本世纪20年代初期,是中国政治思想史上十分活跃的时期之一。西方各种思潮大量传入中国,中国知识界又一次警醒。各种政派及其社会改革方案纷纷出台。中国向何处去?成为人们热衷一时的话题。在这百家争鸣的局面中,出现了江亢虎的“新民主主义”。这是一种什么主张?它和当时其他政治思想,例如蔡元培、胡适的“好政府”主义,中国共产党的民主政治主张等,有什么异同?这些问题长期以来无人问津,从而在近现代中国政治思想史上留下了一块空白。本文对此拟作一番比较研究,以就教于学界同仁, In the early 1920s, it was one of the very active periods in the history of Chinese political thought. A great amount of Western ideas have been introduced into China, and the Chinese intellectual community has once again woken up. Various political parties and their social reform programs have been promulgated. Where does China go? It is a topic that people are passionate about. In this situation of contention among the hundreds of schools, Jiang Hsin-hu’s “new democracy” emerged. What is the similarities and differences between what was advocated by other political thoughts of the time, such as Cai Yuanpei, Hu Shih’s “good government” and the Chinese Communist Party’s advocacy of democratic politics? These questions have long been ignored by people in the modern China History of political thought left a blank. This article intends to make some comparative study, to teach in the academic colleagues,