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目的调查榆林地区布鲁杆菌病感染情况、接触方式及防护情况,分析接触方式和防护行为与感染率之间的关系。方法 2015年2月~2016年2月期间,采用抽样调查方法对榆林地区1 386名养羊牧民进行调查,分析人口学特征、接触方式、防护行为对布鲁杆菌病感染情况的影响。结果 1 386名养羊牧民中,现症感染者472名,感染率为34.05%;男性多于女性(χ2=6.693,P<0.05),年龄在46~60岁组之间较多(χ2=16.912,P<0.05),文化程度在小学/初中文化水平的较多(χ2=39.172,P<0.05),性别组、年龄组及文化程度组之间差异均有统计学意义。不同民族之间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.552,P>0.05)。1 386名养羊牧民总体防护率23.95%,接生、喂食、屠宰、挤奶、接种疫苗5类高危行为防护人群的发病率均明显低于未防护人群,差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.406,4.421,33.987,14.747,55.056,P<0.05)。结论榆林地区布鲁杆菌病现症感染率较高,主要接触方式为给羊羔接生、喂食、屠宰、挤奶、接种疫苗等,羊牧民总体防护率较低。今后应针对布病的传播途径实施阻断措施,减少感染发生,遏制布病流行。
Objective To investigate the brucellosis infection, contact methods and protection in Yulin area and to analyze the relationship between contact mode and protective behavior and infection rate. Methods From February 2015 to February 2016, a total of 1 386 sheep herdsmen in Yulin Prefecture were surveyed by sampling survey. The demographic characteristics, exposure patterns and protective behaviors were analyzed. Results Among 1 386 sheep herds, 472 were infected with infection, the infection rate was 34.05%. There were more males than females (χ2 = 6.693, P <0.05), and the age was between 46-60 years old group (χ2 = 16.912, P <0.05). There were more education levels in primary school / junior middle school (χ2 = 39.172, P <0.05). There was significant difference between gender group, age group and education group. There was no significant difference between different ethnic groups (χ2 = 1.552, P> 0.05). The overall protection rate of 1 386 sheep herdsmen was 23.95%. The incidence rates of 5 high-risk behaviors such as delivery, feeding, slaughtering, milking and vaccination were significantly lower than those of unprotected population (χ2 = 22.406, 4.421, 33.987, 14.747, 55.056, P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of brucellosis in Yulin area is high. The main exposure methods are lamb grazing, feeding, slaughtering, milking, vaccination and so on. The overall protection rate of sheep and herdsmen is relatively low. In the future, blocking measures should be taken to address the transmission of brucellosis to reduce the incidence of infection and curb the epidemic of brucellosis.