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历史比较法是揭示语言的同源关系和同一语言分化的规律并重建语言分化前的源头语及源头语到各个后代语的具体分化过程的理论方法。同源词的界定离不开以下标准:语音相近、语义相近、语源相同。满通古斯语族语言之间之所以存在亲属关系,是因为不同语言之间有语义相通和语音相近的同源词。系属比较一般以核心词根的比较为主,核心词根是指反映人类世世代代生活中最常见事物或现象的语言的词根,如反映行为动作、自然现象、亲属关系及人体器官、动植物、数目和性质、生产生活用具的语言。
The historical comparative law is a theoretical method to reveal the laws of homology relations and the same language differentiation and to reconstruct the source language before the language differentiation and the source language to the specific differentiation process of each descendant language. The definition of cognates is inseparable from the following criteria: similar speech, similar semantics, the same source. The reason why there is a kinship between languages in Manchu-Gushi language is that they have similar semantics and phonetic homophones between different languages. Systemic comparison is generally based on the comparison of the core stems, the root of which is the root of the language that reflects the most common things or phenomena in human beings’ lives from generation to generation, such as behaviors, natural phenomena, kinship and human organs, animals and plants, Number and nature of the language used to produce domestic appliances.