在中国国有企业改革进程中 ,基本按照规模划分走两条完全不同的路子 :“抓大”和“放小”。“诸城模式”可以说是“放小”的一个相对成功的典范。改革是一个动态过程 ,必须连续观察其思路、设计、实施和效果。诸城模式的基本特点是 :第一 ,产权改革是关键 ,控制权则是关键中的关键。控制权改革与经济的高级化紧密相连。从股份合作制到“四扩一调” ,再到推进企业组织形式升级 ,诸城都没有偏离产权改革———控制权重新分配这条主线。第二 ,制度变迁的渐进性和路径依赖性。既没有抛开过去的基础另起炉灶 ,同时又注意了不守摊子、不背包袱 ,不拘泥于过去的框框 ,而是随着改革的深入 ,适应新形势、新任务的要求 ,从更高层次上对以前的思路和政策不断进行调整完善、创新提高 ,是一个渐进的、动态的、连续的过程。第三 ,中小企业改制的外部环境非常重要 ,金融支持和法律保障环境的完善必须与改制相适应。本研究立足对诸城模式的动态研究 ,总结出以下阻碍中国国有中小企业改革的制度性问题 :一是内部人控制与企业制度效率的非对称性———自身素质较差是中小企业存在的主要问题 ;二是中小企业贡献与金融制度安排的矛盾———对中小企业的金融抑制因素突出 ;三是制度创新与法律保障滞后的矛盾———政府缺乏相? In the course of the reform of China's state-owned enterprises, we basically go according to the size and take two completely different paths: “grasping the big one” and “letting go of the small one.” “Zhucheng model” can be said to be “smaller” a relatively successful model. Reform is a dynamic process and must continuously observe its thinking, design, implementation and effectiveness. The basic characteristics of Zhucheng model are: First, property rights reform is the key, and control is the key of the key. The reform of control is closely linked with the advancement of the economy. From the joint-stock cooperative system to the “four expansion and one adjustment,” and then to promote the upgrading of the organizational form of enterprises, Zhucheng did not deviate from the ownership reform --- the redistribution of control over the main line. Second, the gradual progress and path dependence of institutional change. They have neither laid aside the foundation of the past, they have also taken precautionary measures and not burdened with the old framework. Instead, they have adhered to the requirements of the new situation and new tasks as they deepen their reforms and from a higher level It is a gradual, dynamic and continuous process of constantly adjusting and perfecting the previous ideas and policies and improving innovation. Third, the external environment for the restructuring of SMEs is very important. The improvement of financial support and legal protection of the environment must be compatible with the restructuring. Based on the dynamic study of Zhucheng model, this study sums up the following institutional problems that hinder the reform of China's state-owned SMEs: First, the asymmetry between internal control and the efficiency of the enterprise system --- poor quality is the main existence of SMEs The second is the contradiction between the contribution of SMEs and the arrangement of financial system --- the prominent factor of financial restraint for SMEs; the third is the contradiction between the innovation of system and the backwardness of legal protection --- the lack of government;