50年代:数字庞大的外援和微不足道的工业化南朝鲜在很大程度上是依靠了外援(特别是美国)的帮助。在1945—1970年期间,共获得外援44亿美元。在1956—1958年间,每年获得外援达3亿美元以上。但是由于美国提供的援助主要是过剩谷物及销费品,限制了南朝鲜经济的迅速发展。而相反,这些援助构成了对其农业和工业的竞争,加速了上层社会的消赞,加重了财政赤 1950s: Huge Numbers of Foreign Aids and Indiscriminate Industrialization South Korea relies heavily on foreign aid, especially the United States. During 1945-1970, a total of 4.4 billion U.S. dollars was received from foreign aid. Between 1956 and 1958, foreign aid amounted to more than 300 million U.S. dollars each year. However, the aid provided by the United States is mainly surplus grain and sales of goods, limiting the rapid economic development in south Korea. On the contrary, these aid forms the competition for agriculture and industry, accelerates the disapproval of the upper classes and aggravates the fiscal deficit