近代中国人指称的“少数民族”概念,主要有清末排满革命思潮,欧洲“保护少数民族条约”和共产国际的民族与殖民地理论三种思想来源,通过混同使用,内涵外延互有交叉。对国内民族问题意见纷纭的重要原因在于,各自所依据的外来民族理论原本渊源各异,意涵有别,传入中国后不同程度地发生变异,令人不易正确理解、把握和区分。中国人对“少数民族”概念认识的早期历程表明,外来民族理论与本国国情结合的本土化过程虽是历史趋势,但过程十分曲折,应予厘清。 The concepts of “minorities” alleged by modern Chinese mainly include three sources of thoughts of nationalism and colonial theory advocated by the Communist Party of China in the late Qing Dynasty, including the revolutionary trend of thought in Europe, the Treaty on the Protection of Ethnic Minorities in Europe and the Comintern, There are crosses. The main reason for the divergence of views on the nationality issue in China lies in the fact that the theory of alien nationalities on which each is based has its origin in different origins and has different meanings. After its introduction into China, it has varying degrees of variation and makes it difficult to correctly understand, grasp and distinguish. The early history of the Chinese understanding of the concept of “minorities” shows that although the process of localization of the theory of alien ethnic groups in combination with their own national conditions is a historical trend, the process is very tortuous and should be clarified.