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microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类长约22个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA,通过与靶蛋白mRNA3’端非编码区的不完全互补结合,抑制靶mRNA转录后的表达。最近大量研究显示miRNA在心脏病理、生理过程中发挥重要的调控作用,尤其与心律失常的发生、发展密切相关。miRNA过度上调或下调可引起离子通道蛋白表达紊乱,致离子通道平衡失调,诱发心律失常。本文将从与心律失常发生相关的心肌缺血、心肌肥厚和糖尿病心肌病三个方面就miRNA在心律失常中的调控作用作一综述。旨在揭示miRNA变化在心脏疾病发生、发展中的重要地位,并探讨以miRNA为靶点防治心律失常以及心源性猝死的可行性。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides in length that inhibit the expression of a target mRNA upon incomplete complementarity with the non-coding region of the 3 ’end of the target protein. Recently, a large number of studies have shown that miRNA plays an important regulatory role in cardiac pathophysiology and physiology, especially related to the occurrence and development of arrhythmia. Overexpression or down-regulation of miRNAs can lead to disorder of ion channel protein expression, imbalance of ion channels and induction of cardiac arrhythmias. This article reviews the regulatory role of miRNAs in cardiac arrhythmias from three aspects: myocardial ischemia, cardiac hypertrophy and diabetic cardiomyopathy. To reveal the miRNA changes in the occurrence and development of heart disease, and to explore the miRNA target for the prevention and treatment of arrhythmia and the feasibility of sudden cardiac death.