早在二十世纪前半期,曾有认为细菌性疾病很快将被消灭,细菌性感染的研究也即将完成其历史使命。考其原因,可能首先是当时致病菌的大多数已被分离鉴定;其次,当时免疫学的发展正出现重要的转折,即从专门研究传染病的抗感染免疫扩大到研究非感染免疫的机制上;再次是数十年前抗菌素问世时,曾使几种一般细菌性疾病死亡率明 As early as the first half of the twentieth century, it was thought that bacterial diseases would soon be eliminated and the study on bacterial infections was about to complete its historic mission. The reason for this may be that firstly most of the pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified at that time. Secondly, there was an important turning point in the development of immunology at that time, from expanding the scope of anti-infectives that specialized in infectious diseases to investigating the mechanisms of non-infected immunity On the other hand, the advent of antibiotics a few decades ago once caused several general bacterial disease mortality rates