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牙龈卟啉单胞菌（ Pg）是慢性牙周炎的重要病原菌，其毒力部分来自细菌细胞壁及产物，如脂多糖、菌毛、荚膜多糖和牙龈蛋白酶。这些化学成分在诱导宿主先天和后天的免疫反应中起重要的作用，如诱导巨噬细胞的极化和炎性细胞因子的释放。极化的巨噬细胞对炎症的进展、组织的破坏和炎症的抑制、损伤组织的修复与重建等具有重要作用。该文就巨噬细胞的极化特点以及Pg对巨噬细胞极化的影响进行综述，为牙周病的防治寻找新的途径。“,”Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) is an important pathogen of chronic periodontitis,and cell wall and products of the bacterium,such as lipopolysaccharides,fimbriae,capsule polysaccharide and gingipains are the virulence factors.These factors play an important role in the induction of innate and acquired immune response,such as the polarization of macrophages and the release of inflammatory cytokines .Polarized macro-phages play an important role in the progress of inflammation ,tissue damage,inhibition of inflammation ,resto-ration and reconstruction of damaged tissue .So in order to find a new way for the treatment of periodontitis , here is to make a review of the polarization characteristics of macrophage and the effect of Pg on the macro-phage polarization.