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社会选择函数是将个人偏好集结为社会性偏好的规则。当单个参与投票者提供的个人偏好信息表示为排序信息时,社会选择函数可以按照相应规则,将这些个人偏好排序综合为社会性的排序结果,以揭示集体性的选择倾向或形成合理的集体决策。本文基于社会选择的匿名性、中立性、Pareto最优等投票规则的性质及逐点、成对及三重等集结公理,分析了常用社会选择函数的分类及其典型社会选择函数的应用性评价,并针对社会选择的投票者多样、结果不唯一以及多目标冲突等特点及相关函数的研究局限,提出了确定投票者权重、权衡集结结果、利用群体智慧、以及优化计算复杂性等社会选择函数的可能研究方向。
The social choice function is a rule that gathers personal preferences as social preferences. When individual preference information provided by a single participant voter is expressed as ranking information, the social selection function can integrate these personal preference rankings into social ranking results according to corresponding rules to reveal the collective choice tendency or form a reasonable collective decision . Based on the social selection anonymity, neutrality, Pareto optimal voting rules, the point-by-point, pairwise and triple voting rules, this paper analyzes the classification of commonly used social choice functions and the applicative evaluation of typical social choice functions. Aiming at the characteristics of social choice such as diversified voters, non-unique outcomes and conflicts of multiple objectives and the limitations of related functions, it is proposed to determine the voters’ weights, weigh the results of the assembly, use the wisdom of the group, and optimize the computational complexity of social selection functions research direction.