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摘 要：强调句型是高中英语中非常重要的一项语法，也是一个高频考点。很多同学经常把it is/was—that—的句子都认为是强调句型，这显然是不正确的。为了让同学们更好地掌握强调句型这一语法，笔者把强调句型和与其相似且易混淆的句型做如下归纳。
关键词：英语；强调句型；易混句型；例析
一、 强调句型的基本结构
It is /was 被强调部分 that/who 句子的其他部分。当被强调部分是“人”，且在句中作主语时，可以用that也可以用who，其他情况只能用that。
（1） It was at eight o’clock in the evening that they got to school.
（2） It is his father that/who often helps him with his English.
二、 强调句型的三种基本形式
1） 陈述句：It is/was 被强调部分 that/who 句子的其他部分。
It was last year that we visited the World Expo.
2） 一般疑问句：Is/Was it 被强调部分 that/who 句子的其他部分？
Was it yesterday that he took part in the game？
3） 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 is/was it that/who 句子的其他部分？
Where was it that she met her classmates yesterday？
[说明]1） 强调句型中的be动词只能用is/was两种形式，当that后的从句是现在的时态范围，be用is，当that后的从句是过去的时态范围，be用was。
2） 这种强调句型不能强调一个句子的谓语动词，其他成分基本上都可以强调，如：主语，宾语（间接宾语，直接宾语），状语等。
三、 强调句型的常考考点
考点1，考查强调句型的基本结构。
[高考题] It is not what we do once in a while shapes our lives， but what we do consistently.（2011年，湖南卷）
A. which B. that C. how D. when
[解答]答案选B，此题考查强调句型的基本结构，被强调部分是句子的主语部分。
考点2，考查强调句型的疑问句形式。
[高考题] Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat went down？（2011年，四川卷）
A. whereB. thatC. whichD. what
[解答]答案选B，此题考查强调句型的一般疑问句形式，被强调部分是句子的状语。
[高考题] Why！I have nothing to confess， you want me to say？（2004年，上海卷）
A. what is it thatB. what it is that
C. how is it thatD. how it is that
[解答]答案选A，此题考查强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，被强调部分做say的宾语。
考点3，考查含有not—until的强调句型。
在对not—until的结构进行强调时，用it is/was not until 被强调部分 that 陈述语序的主句部分，并且that后的主句的谓语动词用肯定形式。
[高考题] It was back home after the experiment. （2004年，湖北卷）
A. not until midnight did he go
B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didn’t go
[解答] 答案选C，此题考查not—until的强调句型，其that后主句的动词用肯定形式。
四、 几种与强调句型相似且易混淆的句型
1. It be 时间点 when 陈述句。
It was nine o’clock in the morning when he got to the station.
2. It be 时间段 before 陈述句。
It will be three years before we meet again.
3. It be 時间段 since 陈述句（动词用过去式），
It is five years since we moved here.
4. It be adj./n. that 陈述句。常见的形容词有：clear， obvious， true， certain， natural， surprising等，常用的名词有：fun， shame， pity等；
（1） It is obvious that nobody enjoys being played tricks on in public. （2） It is a pity that you missed such a fine talk.
5. It be 过去分词 that 陈述句。常见的过去分词有：said， known， told， reported， belived， thought， proved， suggested， required， ordered， advised等
It is suggested that you （should） live in the school.
[说明]在It be suggested /advised /ordered/required that 从句中，that从句的谓语动词用should 动词原形，should可以省略。
6. It be high time that从句。that从句常用虚拟语气，即动词用过去式或should 动词原形。
It is high time that you changed/should change your attitude.
7. It be the first/second that从句。在这种句型中，be用is，则that从句多用现在完成时，be用was，则that从句多用过去完成时。
（1） It is the second time that you haven’t finished your homework this week.
（2） It was the first time that she had visited the museum.
五、 强调句型的判定
如何判定一个It be—that句子是否是强调句型，用还原法来检验。即把it be—that去掉后，句子是完整且正确的句子，则是强调句型，否则不是强调句型。
（1） It was in the evening that we got to the village.
当去掉it was 和that 后，in the evening在句中作状语，句子可以还原为：We got to the village in the evening.说明这个句子是强调句型。
（2） It is obvious that nobody enjoys being played tricks on in public.
當去掉it was和that后，obvious不作后句中的成分，句子不能还原为一个完整的句子，则不是强调句型。
以上几点就是强调句型应掌握的知识点，认真比较并加以区别，才能更好地掌握强调句型这一特殊句型。
关键词：英语；强调句型；易混句型；例析
一、 强调句型的基本结构
It is /was 被强调部分 that/who 句子的其他部分。当被强调部分是“人”，且在句中作主语时，可以用that也可以用who，其他情况只能用that。
（1） It was at eight o’clock in the evening that they got to school.
（2） It is his father that/who often helps him with his English.
二、 强调句型的三种基本形式
1） 陈述句：It is/was 被强调部分 that/who 句子的其他部分。
It was last year that we visited the World Expo.
2） 一般疑问句：Is/Was it 被强调部分 that/who 句子的其他部分？
Was it yesterday that he took part in the game？
3） 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 is/was it that/who 句子的其他部分？
Where was it that she met her classmates yesterday？
[说明]1） 强调句型中的be动词只能用is/was两种形式，当that后的从句是现在的时态范围，be用is，当that后的从句是过去的时态范围，be用was。
2） 这种强调句型不能强调一个句子的谓语动词，其他成分基本上都可以强调，如：主语，宾语（间接宾语，直接宾语），状语等。
三、 强调句型的常考考点
考点1，考查强调句型的基本结构。
[高考题] It is not what we do once in a while shapes our lives， but what we do consistently.（2011年，湖南卷）
A. which B. that C. how D. when
[解答]答案选B，此题考查强调句型的基本结构，被强调部分是句子的主语部分。
考点2，考查强调句型的疑问句形式。
[高考题] Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat went down？（2011年，四川卷）
A. whereB. thatC. whichD. what
[解答]答案选B，此题考查强调句型的一般疑问句形式，被强调部分是句子的状语。
[高考题] Why！I have nothing to confess， you want me to say？（2004年，上海卷）
A. what is it thatB. what it is that
C. how is it thatD. how it is that
[解答]答案选A，此题考查强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，被强调部分做say的宾语。
考点3，考查含有not—until的强调句型。
在对not—until的结构进行强调时，用it is/was not until 被强调部分 that 陈述语序的主句部分，并且that后的主句的谓语动词用肯定形式。
[高考题] It was back home after the experiment. （2004年，湖北卷）
A. not until midnight did he go
B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didn’t go
[解答] 答案选C，此题考查not—until的强调句型，其that后主句的动词用肯定形式。
四、 几种与强调句型相似且易混淆的句型
1. It be 时间点 when 陈述句。
It was nine o’clock in the morning when he got to the station.
2. It be 时间段 before 陈述句。
It will be three years before we meet again.
3. It be 時间段 since 陈述句（动词用过去式），
It is five years since we moved here.
4. It be adj./n. that 陈述句。常见的形容词有：clear， obvious， true， certain， natural， surprising等，常用的名词有：fun， shame， pity等；
（1） It is obvious that nobody enjoys being played tricks on in public. （2） It is a pity that you missed such a fine talk.
5. It be 过去分词 that 陈述句。常见的过去分词有：said， known， told， reported， belived， thought， proved， suggested， required， ordered， advised等
It is suggested that you （should） live in the school.
[说明]在It be suggested /advised /ordered/required that 从句中，that从句的谓语动词用should 动词原形，should可以省略。
6. It be high time that从句。that从句常用虚拟语气，即动词用过去式或should 动词原形。
It is high time that you changed/should change your attitude.
7. It be the first/second that从句。在这种句型中，be用is，则that从句多用现在完成时，be用was，则that从句多用过去完成时。
（1） It is the second time that you haven’t finished your homework this week.
（2） It was the first time that she had visited the museum.
五、 强调句型的判定
如何判定一个It be—that句子是否是强调句型，用还原法来检验。即把it be—that去掉后，句子是完整且正确的句子，则是强调句型，否则不是强调句型。
（1） It was in the evening that we got to the village.
当去掉it was 和that 后，in the evening在句中作状语，句子可以还原为：We got to the village in the evening.说明这个句子是强调句型。
（2） It is obvious that nobody enjoys being played tricks on in public.
當去掉it was和that后，obvious不作后句中的成分，句子不能还原为一个完整的句子，则不是强调句型。
以上几点就是强调句型应掌握的知识点，认真比较并加以区别，才能更好地掌握强调句型这一特殊句型。