Treg细胞具有维持自身免疫耐受,调节免疫应答的作用。Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)家族可识别病原相关分子模式或内源性配体,启动固有和适应性免疫应答。Treg细胞选择性表达某些TLRs,TLRs活化可能直接增强或降低Treg的免疫抑制功能,这种调节可以影响对感染和肿瘤的免疫监视、移植免疫排斥和自身免疫病发生的进程。因此,了解两者的关系对发现新的治疗靶点和对策有重要的作用。简要综述TLRs对Treg细胞抑制功能直接调节作用的研究进展。 Treg cells have the function of maintaining autoimmune tolerance and regulating immune response. The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) family recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns or endogenous ligands that initiate innate and adaptive immune responses. Treg cells selectively express certain TLRs. The activation of TLRs may directly enhance or reduce the immunosuppressive function of Tregs. This regulation may affect the immune surveillance of infected and tumor, the process of graft rejection and the development of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, to understand the relationship between the two to find new therapeutic targets and strategies have an important role. A brief review on the research progress of TLRs on the direct regulation of Treg cell inhibitory function.