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目的了解西藏山南地区野外棘球绦虫犬粪污染情况,为制定相关的防治策略提供依据。方法于2015年5月在西藏山南地区措美县哲古镇哲古村周边按机械抽样法选取调查点,记录调查点坐标、犬粪数量、营地类型、牧场类型、地形分类、植被类型、地表覆盖类型、有无生活垃圾等信息,并计算调查点距村中心直线距离。采集调查点内犬粪样并应用粪抗原ELISA检测粪便的感染情况,应用χ~2检验、Fisher确切概率检验法、Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验和Nemenyi多重比较法分析粪便污染分布特征。结果共选取79个调查点,有粪便分布的37个,共采集犬粪226份。ELISA检测结果显示,犬粪抗原阳性率为23.9%(54/226),粪便密度和阳性粪便密度均数分别为0.317 9个/100 m~2和0.075 9个/100 m~2,最大值分别为2.555 6个/100 m~2和0.555 6个/100 m~2。夏营地的粪便密度和阳性粪便密度分别为0.601 9个/100 m~2和0.157 4个/100 m~2,均高于非营地(0.170 2个/100 m~2和0.033 1个/100 m~2)(χ~2=18.248 4,P<0.01;χ~2=15.274 3,P<0.01);有生活垃圾的调查点的粪便密度和阳性粪便密度分别为0.679 0个/100 m~2和0.177 0个/100 m~2,高于无生活垃圾的调查点(0.130 3个/100 m~2和0.023 5个/100 m~2)(χ~2=34.634 7,P<0.01;χ~2=26.109 1,P<0.01);距村中心直线距离≥10 km的调查点的粪便密度和阳性粪便密度分别为0.403 7个/100 m~2和0.107 4个/100 m~2,高于距村中心直线距离<10 km的调查点(0.265 3个/100 m~2和0.056 7个/100 m~2)(χ~2=4.432 7,P<0.05;χ~2=4.045 5,P<0.05)。结论西藏山南地区措美县野外棘球绦虫阳性犬粪污染严重,夏营地、有生活垃圾的区域、距村中心直线距离≥10 km的区域可作为今后棘球蚴病的防治重点范围。
Objective To understand the canine faecal contamination of wild Echinococcus granulosus in the southern part of Tibet and provide evidence for the establishment of related control strategies. Methods In May 2015, the survey sites were selected by mechanical sampling around the Zhecun village of Zheguo ancient town in Qiaomei County, Shannan Prefecture, Tibet. The survey sites, the number of canine faeces, the types of camp fauna, pasture types, topographical classification, vegetation types, , With or without household garbage and other information, and calculate the survey point from the village center straight line distance. The faecal samples were collected from the point of investigation and faecal infection was detected by fecal antigen ELISA. The distribution of fecal contamination was analyzed by χ ~ 2 test, Fisher exact test, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Nemenyi multiple comparison method. Results A total of 79 investigation points were selected, stool distribution of 37, a total of 226 dogs were collected. The results of ELISA showed that the positive rate of canine antigen was 23.9% (54/226), and the mean values of stool density and positive stool density were 0.317 9/100 m 2 and 0.075 9/100 m 2, respectively 2.555 6/100 m ~ 2 and 0.555 6/100 m ~ 2. The excrement density and positive stool density in summer camp were 0.601 9/100 m 2 and 0.157 4/100 m 2, respectively, higher than those in non-camp (0.170 2/100 m -2 and 0.033 1/100 m ~ 2) (χ ~ 2 = 18.248 4, P <0.01; χ ~ 2 = 15.274 3, P <0.01). The stool density and positive stool density at the survey sites with household waste were 0.679 0/100 m ~ 2 And 0.177 0/100 m ~ 2, respectively, which were higher than those of non-household garbage (0.130 3/100 m -2 and 0.023 5/100 m 2) (χ ~ 2 = 34.634 7, P <0.01; ~ 2 = 26.109 1, P <0.01). The stool density and positive stool density at the survey sites with linear distance ≥10 km from the village center were 0.403 7/100 m -2 and 0.107 4/100 m 2 respectively At the survey sites (0.265 3/100 m 2 and 0.056 7/100 m 2) at a linear distance of <10 km from the village center (χ ~ 2 = 4.4327, P <0.05; χ ~ 2 = 4.045 5, P <0.05). Conclusion The results showed that positive dogs were seriously infected with echinococcus inoculum in the area of Shanmei, Shannxi, Tibet Autonomous Region. In summer, the area with living garbage and the area of ≥10 km away from the center of the village could be used as the focus of future prevention and treatment of hydatid disease.