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20世纪的80~90年代,人类的历史发生了一系列巨大变化。不但政局的动荡变化前所未有,经济领域重大事件也不断。全球各区域经济组织纷纷崛起,如欧洲联盟、北美自由贸易协定、亚太经合组织、上海合作组织等跨国组织,成为左右世界经济的主导力量;新技术的发展,信息化、网络化的加速,促进了经济全球化;自然环境的恶化,全球工业废气排放,热带雨林的滥伐,臭氧层的破坏,促使温室效应不断升高,加深了人类命运休戚与共的一体感。面对新的变局,是继续消极对待、互相对抗,还是携手合作,共同迎接新的挑战,已摆在全人类面前了。对此企业家远比政治家感受真切而灵敏。面对动荡不安的政局和瞬息万变的经营环境,企业家感到适应能力明显不足,从原有的管理理论中已找不到现成的答案,需要全方位的管理创新,企业界和理论界都在寻求变革。于是各种变革理论应运而生。扁平化管理、业务流程再造、学习型组织和信息化管理等新的管理模式和方法顺势而发。这些新的管理理论一经问世就风靡世界,很快在管理界和企业界引起轰动,集中反映了管理变革的主要动向和趋势。这里分别谈一下,先说说扁平化管理。
During the 1980s and 1990s, a series of great changes took place in the history of mankind. Not only has the political turmoil been unprecedentedly changed, but also major economic events have continued. The rise of global economic organizations such as the European Union, North American Free Trade Agreement, APEC, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and other transnational organizations has become the dominant force in the world economy. The acceleration of new technology, informationization and networking has promoted Economic globalization, deterioration of the natural environment, global industrial emissions, deforestation of the tropical rainforest, and destruction of the ozone layer have prompted the continuous rise of the greenhouse effect and deepened the sense of unity with which mankind lives together. In the face of new changes, whether we continue to treat one another negatively, confront each other, or work together to meet new challenges has been put before all mankind. Entrepreneurs are far more sensitive and politically sensitive than politicians. In the face of turbulent political situation and ever-changing business environment, entrepreneurs feel obviously inadequate in adaptability. They can not find readily available answers from their original management theories and they need management innovation in all aspects. Both enterprises and theorists are seeking change. So a variety of change theory came into being. Flat management, business process reengineering, learning organizations and information management and other new management models and methods homeopathy. These new theories of management swept the world once they came out and soon caused a sensation in the management and business communities, concentrating on the major trends and trends in managing change. Talking about here, talk about the first flat management.