Chronic pancreatitis is known to be a heterogeneous disease with varied etiologies.Tropical calcific pancreatitis(TCP) is a severe form of chronic pancreatitis unique to developing countries.With growing evidence of genetic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of TCP,this review is aimed at compiling the available information in this field.We also propose a two hit model to explain the sequence of events in the pathogenesis of TCP. Chronic pancreatitis is known to be a heterogeneous disease with varied etiologies. TCP is a severe form of chronic pancreatitis unique to developing countries. WB growing evidence of genetic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of TCP, this review is aimed at compiling the available information in this field. We also propose a two hit model to explain the sequence of events in the pathogenesis of TCP.