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“性”是中国古代哲学的核心范畴之一,千百年来围绕它形成了许多不同的人性学说。然而,“性”字早在先秦时期就有了多种不同的含义,只有厘清了这些不同的含义及其相互间的关系,才能真正认清有关人性善恶等问题的各种争论的根源。综合前人研究及原始文献可以发现,先秦秦汉时期的人性概念有七种基本含义:(1)“生”;(2)生理属性;(3)物理属性;(4)社会属性;(5)原初特性;(6)生长特性;(7)后天或特定属性。在对这些不同含义及其关系进行分辨的同时,重点依据《庄子》和《淮南子》对“原初特性”和“生长特性”这两种含义做了分析和评价。
“Sexuality” is one of the core categories of ancient Chinese philosophy. For many centuries, many different theories of humanity have been formed around it. However, “sex” has many different meanings as early as the pre-Qin period. Only by clarifying these different meanings and their mutual relations can we truly understand the various controversies concerning the issue of good and evil of human nature source. Based on the previous studies and the original literature, we can find that the concept of humanity in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties has seven basic meanings: (1) “Health ”; (2) Physiological Attributes; (3) Physical Attributes; (4) Social Attributes; 5) original characteristics; (6) growth characteristics; (7) acquired or specific attributes. While distinguishing these different meanings and their relations, the author mainly analyzes and evaluates two meanings of “original character” and “growth character” based on “Zhuangzi” and “Huainanzi”.