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AIM: To assess the clinical significance of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA localization in the liver tissue of patients with positive HBsAg and negative viremia.METHODS: HBV virological parameters of 33 HBsAg positive chronic hepatitis patients, including seromarkers and HBV DNA amplification in both sera and liver biopsies, were evaluated.RESULTS: Ten patients had negative viremia and positive HBV DNA in their liver biopsies. Most of them had HBeAg-negative/HBeAb-positive chronic hepatitis.Their liver biochemical and histopathological profiles were different from the viremic patients. Their disease patt was designated as hepatitis B in situ.CONCLUSION: Hepatitis B in situ is a consequential entity which can be missed in clinical practice. It is a new clinical patt of chronic HBV infection that considers HBV in liver biopsy and adds a new indication for antiviral therapy.