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目的了解黑龙江省牡丹江市小学生行为问题发生情况及特点,探讨家庭因素对小学生行为问题的影响,为其预防和干预措施的制定提供依据。方法采用随机抽样方法,应用家长用儿童行为量表(CBCL)及父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)对牡丹江市4所小学4～6年级1 350名在校学生进行问卷调查。结果牡丹江市小学生行为问题检出率为19.3%,男生为20.3%,女生为18.6%;躯体主诉、焦虑抑郁、社交问题、攻击性行为、思维问题、内向性问题和行为总分分别为(2.50±2.89)、(3.73±3.96)、(2.54±2.81)、(4.31±4.73)、(2.17±3.00)、(8.34±8.15)和(22.03±20.07)分,与国内人群评价结果比较得分较高;相关分析结果表明,父、母温暖与小学生行为问题的发生呈负相关关系(P<0.01),而父亲惩罚、干涉、偏爱、拒绝、过保护和母亲过保护、拒绝、惩罚、偏爱与小学生行为问题的发生呈正相关关系(P<0.01);多元线性回归分析结果表明,小学生行为问题发生的主要影响因素为:母亲拒绝(β=0.206)、生活事件数(β=0.195)、与父母关系(β=0.133)、父亲过保护(β=0.124)、独生子女(β=0.083)与小学生行为问题关系密切,能影响小学生行为问题发生。结论家庭环境因素对小学生儿童行为问题的发生具有重要影响,改善家庭环境对降低小学生行为问题发生率具有重要作用。
Objective To understand the occurrence and characteristics of primary school students’ behavior problems in Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province, and to explore the influence of family factors on the behavior problems of primary school students so as to provide basis for their prevention and intervention measures. Methods A total of 1 350 school-age students in grades 4 to 6 of 4 primary schools in Mudanjiang City were surveyed by random sampling method and parents’ children’s behavior scale (CBCL) and parental rearing style evaluation scale (EMBU). Results The prevalence of behavioral problems in primary school students in Mudanjiang was 19.3%, 20.3% for boys and 18.6% for girls. The main body complaints, anxiety and depression, social problems, aggressive behaviors, thinking problems, introversion problems and behavioral problems were 2.50 ± 2.89), (3.73 ± 3.96), (2.54 ± 2.81), (4.31 ± 4.73), (2.17 ± 3.00), (8.34 ± 8.15) and (22.03 ± 20.07) The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between the warmth of father and mother and the occurrence of behavior problems of pupils (P <0.01), while the father’s punishment, interference, preference, rejection, overprotection and mother’s protection, rejection, punishment, preference and pupils (P <0.01). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of primary school students’ behavioral problems were: rejection of mother (β = 0.206), number of life events (β = 0.195), relationship with parents (β = 0.133), father overprotected (β = 0.124) and only child (β = 0.083) were closely related to the behavior problems of pupils, which could affect the behavior problems of pupils. Conclusion Family environment has an important influence on the occurrence of children’s behavior problems in primary school. Improving the family environment plays an important role in reducing the incidence of behavior problems among primary school children.