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Imports and Exports
In today‘s complex economic world,neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient.Nations have utilized different economic resources.People have developed different skills.This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity.As result of this trade and activity,international finance and banking have evolved.
Foreign trade,th exchange of goods between nations,takes place for many reasons.The first,as mentions above,is that no nation has all of the commodities that itmeeds.Raw materials are scattered around the world.Large deposits of copper aremined in Peru and Zaire,diamonds are mined in South Africa,and petrolem is recovered in the Middle East.Countries that do not have the resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.
Foreigr trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of aparticular item to meet its needs .Although the United States is a major producer ofsugar,it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar.
Third,one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than othor countries.Japanhas been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries.Is is cheaper for the United States to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically.According to economic theory,Japan should produce and export those items from which it derives a comparative advantage.It should also buy and import what it needs fromthose countries that have a comparative advantage in the desired items.
Finally,foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style.Even thoughtheUnited States produces more automobiles than any other country,it still importslargt quantities of autos from Germay,Japam,and Sweden,primarily because thereis market for them in the United States.
For most nations,exports and imports are the most important international activity.When nations export more than they import,they are said to have a favorable balance of trade.When they import more than they export,an unfavorable balance oftrade exists.Nations try to maitain a favorable balance of trade,Which assuresthem of the means to buy necessary imports.Some nations,Such as Great Britain inthe nineteenth century,based their entire economies on the concept of importingraw materials,processing them into manufactured goods,and then exporting the finished goods.The subsequent profits enabled these nations to import the food theyneeded.
进口与出口
在当今复杂的经济世界中，一个人或者一个国家都不能够自给自足。国家要使用各种不同的经济资源，人们要发挥他们各种不同的技能。这就是世界贸易和经济活动的基础。随着世界贸易和经济活动的开始，国际金融业和银行业应运而起。
对外贸易就是国与国之间交换商品。对外贸易出现的理由很多。首先，如上所述，没有哪一个国家能够拥有它所需的一切商品。原料分布于世界各地。大部分铜矿开采于秘鲁和扎伊尔，钻石开采于南非，而石油则发现于中东。不具有这些原料的其他国家必须从这些国家进口。
产生国际贸易的另一个理由是，就是由于某个项目经常不能满足本国的需求。例如，虽然美国是白糖的主要生产国，但是它的消费却超过了它的生产，所以美国也必须进口白糖。第三，一个国家可以较之别的国家更低的成本出售某些商品。日本能够出口大量的收音机和电视机，因为它生产这些商品的效率高于其他国家。对于美国来说，从日本购买这些商品要比在本国生产更便宜。按照经济理论，日本应该生产和出口它能取得相对优势的那些产品。它也应该进口它需要的商品，而出口国在出口这些商品时也能获得相对优势。
国际贸易最后一个原因是创新或新款式的出现。虽然美国生产的汽车比任何其他国家都多，但是美国仍然从德国、日本和瑞典进口大量的汽车，主要原因是因为这些国家的汽车在美国有销路。
对大多数国家来说，进出口是最重要的国际间的活动。当一个国家的出口额大于进口额时，这个国家则形成贸易顺差。如果进口额大于出口额时，则是贸易逆差。一个国家利图保持贸易顺差以保证有足够的外汇去购买必要的进口商品。某些国家，如19世纪的英国，其全部经济活动都是基于这样一种观念，即进口原料，进行加工，然后出口成品，所获得的收益使这些国家能够进口他们所需要的食物。
In today‘s complex economic world,neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient.Nations have utilized different economic resources.People have developed different skills.This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity.As result of this trade and activity,international finance and banking have evolved.
Foreign trade,th exchange of goods between nations,takes place for many reasons.The first,as mentions above,is that no nation has all of the commodities that itmeeds.Raw materials are scattered around the world.Large deposits of copper aremined in Peru and Zaire,diamonds are mined in South Africa,and petrolem is recovered in the Middle East.Countries that do not have the resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.
Foreigr trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of aparticular item to meet its needs .Although the United States is a major producer ofsugar,it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar.
Third,one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than othor countries.Japanhas been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries.Is is cheaper for the United States to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically.According to economic theory,Japan should produce and export those items from which it derives a comparative advantage.It should also buy and import what it needs fromthose countries that have a comparative advantage in the desired items.
Finally,foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style.Even thoughtheUnited States produces more automobiles than any other country,it still importslargt quantities of autos from Germay,Japam,and Sweden,primarily because thereis market for them in the United States.
For most nations,exports and imports are the most important international activity.When nations export more than they import,they are said to have a favorable balance of trade.When they import more than they export,an unfavorable balance oftrade exists.Nations try to maitain a favorable balance of trade,Which assuresthem of the means to buy necessary imports.Some nations,Such as Great Britain inthe nineteenth century,based their entire economies on the concept of importingraw materials,processing them into manufactured goods,and then exporting the finished goods.The subsequent profits enabled these nations to import the food theyneeded.
进口与出口
在当今复杂的经济世界中，一个人或者一个国家都不能够自给自足。国家要使用各种不同的经济资源，人们要发挥他们各种不同的技能。这就是世界贸易和经济活动的基础。随着世界贸易和经济活动的开始，国际金融业和银行业应运而起。
对外贸易就是国与国之间交换商品。对外贸易出现的理由很多。首先，如上所述，没有哪一个国家能够拥有它所需的一切商品。原料分布于世界各地。大部分铜矿开采于秘鲁和扎伊尔，钻石开采于南非，而石油则发现于中东。不具有这些原料的其他国家必须从这些国家进口。
产生国际贸易的另一个理由是，就是由于某个项目经常不能满足本国的需求。例如，虽然美国是白糖的主要生产国，但是它的消费却超过了它的生产，所以美国也必须进口白糖。第三，一个国家可以较之别的国家更低的成本出售某些商品。日本能够出口大量的收音机和电视机，因为它生产这些商品的效率高于其他国家。对于美国来说，从日本购买这些商品要比在本国生产更便宜。按照经济理论，日本应该生产和出口它能取得相对优势的那些产品。它也应该进口它需要的商品，而出口国在出口这些商品时也能获得相对优势。
国际贸易最后一个原因是创新或新款式的出现。虽然美国生产的汽车比任何其他国家都多，但是美国仍然从德国、日本和瑞典进口大量的汽车，主要原因是因为这些国家的汽车在美国有销路。
对大多数国家来说，进出口是最重要的国际间的活动。当一个国家的出口额大于进口额时，这个国家则形成贸易顺差。如果进口额大于出口额时，则是贸易逆差。一个国家利图保持贸易顺差以保证有足够的外汇去购买必要的进口商品。某些国家，如19世纪的英国，其全部经济活动都是基于这样一种观念，即进口原料，进行加工，然后出口成品，所获得的收益使这些国家能够进口他们所需要的食物。