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采用通气法开展田间小区原位监测试验,分别设置对照、常规化肥、猪粪和化肥配施、单施猪粪等7个处理,探讨不同比例猪粪施用对稻田氨挥发特征及环境、效益的影响。结果表明,氨挥发通量在施肥后的第2 d达到峰值,然后迅速下降,氨挥发主要集中在施肥后的1周左右。在整个监测期间,氨挥发平均通量为2.87~5.89 kg·hm-2·d-1,氨挥发累积量为43.72~87.38 kg·hm-2,占氮肥施用量的24.27%~29.17%;猪粪和化肥配施处理较常规施肥处理能降低氨挥发累积量4.21%~16.74%,猪粪和化肥配施也有效降低了田面水铵态氮和硝态氮浓度,单施过量猪粪则促进了氨挥发;氨挥发通量与田面水铵态氮浓度呈明显线性正相关。猪粪和化肥配施处理较常规施肥处理稻谷增产196~779 kg·hm-2,同时猪粪的施用也降低了稻田肥料投入成本,有效提高了农民纯收入。综合环境及经济效益,化肥+猪粪50%处理的猪粪投入量最佳,稻田猪粪消纳量为13 264.54 kg·hm-2,生猪承载量为20.19头·hm-2。
In situ monitoring experiments were conducted in the field with aeration method. Seven treatments including control, conventional fertilizers, pig manure and fertilizer application and pig manure application alone were set up respectively to explore the characteristics of ammonia volatilization and its environment and benefits in different proportion of pig manure application influences. The results showed that the ammonia volatilization flux peaked on the second day after fertilization and then decreased rapidly. The ammonia volatilization mainly concentrated in about one week after fertilization. During the whole monitoring period, the mean ammonia volatilization was 2.87-5.80 kg · hm-2 · d-1, the ammonia volatilization was 43.72-87.38 kg · hm-2, accounting for 24.27% -29.17% of the nitrogen application Fertilizer and manure application could reduce ammonia volatilization accumulation by 4.21% -16.74% compared with conventional fertilization treatment. Combined application of pig manure and chemical fertilizers also reduced NH4 (superscript +) and nitrate Ammonia volatilization; Ammonia volatilization flux and surface water ammonium nitrogen concentration showed a significant linear correlation. Application of pig manure and chemical fertilizers increased the yield by 196 ~ 779 kg · hm-2 compared with the conventional fertilization, and pig manure application also reduced the input cost of fertilizer for paddy field and effectively increased the net income of farmers. In terms of overall environmental and economic benefits, pig manure treated with 50% fertilizer + pig manure had the best input, pig manure consumption was 1364.54 kg · hm-2 and pig bearing capacity was 20.19 hm-2.