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本文提出分流淤灌黄淮海平原之策以治理黄河,兼通航运。黄河在郊州以上是一个隆突的三角洲地貌,左右岸没有外来水汇入,只有廿几条流派幅射出海,左派入卫河、经运河、海河往天津,右派入贾鲁河、颖河入淮。在这种地貌上水沙流只会步步淤积:修了两堤使淤积集中在河槽里,河床抬高更快。可以证明,任何治河方法,除外加能量挖泥外,都不可能免淤。本方略主张打开大堤廿几个口子,设闸分流,沿着原存流派淤灌广大黄淮海平原。 这个方略在四方面和现行策略对立:一、依靠水土保持或“上拦”泥沙治河;二、整治河道使“下排”泥沙以免淤积;三、封闭了廿几道流派,籍堤塞之策,集流挟沙出海;四、不承认三门峡坝上游淤积在继续延伸,即修小浪底坝。 本文依据地貌演变立论,逐条推理,以论证分流於灌策略的可行性与唯一性。其中若有一条悖理,则全盘皆诽。如此叙理,可便于展开争论。
This paper proposes a strategy of diverting silt irrigation to the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in order to manage the Yellow River and achieve both shipping and shipping. The Yellow River is a prosperous delta landscape above the suburbs. There are no external waters on the left and right sides. Only a few schools of radiance are ejected into the sea. The leftists enter the Wei River, the Canal, and the Haihe River to Tianjin, and the right into the Jialu River and the Ying River into the Huaihe River. . In this landform, the flow of water and sand will only accumulate in silos: the two embankments will be repaired so that the silt will accumulate in the river channel, and the riverbed will rise faster. It can be proved that any approach to river management, except for adding energy dredging, is impossible to avoid siltation. This strategy advocates the opening of the dike to a few openings, setting up gates and shunting and dredging the vast plains of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain along with the original depositories. This strategy is opposed to the current strategy in four aspects: First, relying on water and soil conservation or “stopping” the sediment to manage the river; Second, rectifying the river to make “lower row” of silt to avoid siltation; Third, closed a few schools, The strategy of plugging is to collect water and sand to the sea; 4. Do not recognize that the siltation in the upper reaches of the Sanmenxia Dam will continue to extend, that is, repair Xiaolangdi Dam. Based on the evolution of geomorphology, this article makes a one-by-one reasoning to demonstrate the feasibility and uniqueness of diverting irrigation strategies. If there is a reason, it will be all. Such narration can facilitate debate.