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大杯蕈[clitocybe maxima(Gartn et Mey.ex Fr.)Quel],又名大杯伞,大漏斗菌,浙南山区的当地居民称之为斗菇。该菌在真菌分类学上属担子菌纲、伞菌目、口蘑科、杯伞属。其子实体大型,菌伞直径可达10～15厘米以上,幼嫩时中部下凹,成熟时呈漏斗状,表面光滑,呈浅灰黄色至土黄色。菌肉较薄,白色。菌枘中生,长达10厘米以上,枘粗1.5～2.5厘米。菌褶延生,孢子印白色,担孢子表面光滑,呈近球形至长椭圆型,大小一般在4～6微米左右。该菌的自然分布较广,在东北、华北及长江流域等地均有分布。该菌较耐高温,多发生在夏秋季节的林地或腐枝层上,常群生或近丛生。在庆元山区的居民已有野生采集的习惯、该菌子实体味道鲜美,尤其是香味独特,比香菇的香味要浓得多和香得多。1989年从庆元山区分离得到该菌的菌种,已能进行瓶栽。本文对其子实体的主要营养成份进行了一些初步的分析。
Clotocybe maxima (Gartn et Mey.ex Fr.) Quel], also known as cup umbrella, fungi, southern mountainous region of the local residents called mushroom mushrooms. The fungus taxonomy in the genus Basidiomycetes, toadstools, Tricholomaceae, cup umbrella genus. Its fruiting body large, bacterial umbrella diameter of up to 10 to 15 cm or more, when young central concave, funnel-shaped when mature, the surface is smooth, light gray yellow to earthy yellow. Bacteria thin, white. Fungus Zhong students, up to 10 cm above, 枘 rough 1.5 to 2.5 cm. Plague folds, spores printed white, basidiospores surface smooth, nearly spherical to oblong, the size is generally about 4 to 6 microns. The natural distribution of the bacteria wider, in the northeast, north China and the Yangtze River Basin and other places are distributed. The bacteria are more resistant to high temperatures, occur in the summer or autumn woodland or rotten layer, often crowded or near Cong Cong. The inhabitants of the mountain in Qingyuan have been accustomed to collecting wild species. The fruiting body has a delicious taste, especially its unique flavor, much stronger and more fragrant than that of mushrooms. 1989 Qingyuan mountain isolated strains of the bacteria, has been able to bottle plant. This article made some preliminary analyzes of the main nutritional components of its fruiting bodies.