通过对国外深空探测任务的综合分析和总结,特别针对深空探测活动中对空间尘埃、空间辐射、行星大气等方面的探测载荷展开了深入调研和分析,文章主要介绍了尘埃探测器、大气结构分析仪、辐射评估探测器和空间质谱计等几种真空、热、机、电类的有效载荷,主要从它们的功能、目标、原理、关键技术和应用情况5个方面进行了阐述。 Through the comprehensive analysis and summary of foreign deep space exploration missions, the paper deeply investigates and analyzes the detection load of space dust, space radiation and planetary atmosphere, especially for the deep space exploration activities. The article mainly introduces the dust detectors, the atmosphere Structural Analyzers, Radiation Evaluation Detectors, and Space Mass Spectrometers. The payloads of several vacuum, thermal, mechanical and electrical systems are mainly described in terms of their functions, objectives, principles, key technologies and applications.