重症监护室(ICU)的患儿往往患有严重的原发病或多种疫病并存,常伴有营养不良与免疫功能低下,加之大量侵入性操作,以及病区空间拥挤,感染与非感染患者缺乏有效隔离、大量使用广谱抗生素等,因而发生院内感染的风险较其他科室病人高5倍～10倍,同时也形成了ICU院内感染的特有的预防措施。 Children in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) often suffer from severe primary disease or multiple diseases coexist, often accompanied by malnutrition and poor immune function, combined with a large number of invasive procedures, and crowded wards, infected and non-infected patients. Without effective isolation and extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the risk of nosocomial infections is 5 to 10 times higher than that of patients in other departments. It also forms a unique preventive measure for ICU nosocomial infections.