不要把能量最低原理与核外电子填充规则混为一谈,后者仅仅是能量最低原理众多应用中的一例。体系“能量越低越稳定”的说法错在忘了它成立的前提:熵固定。Gibbs的说法才是能量最低原理的完整表述,它等价于Clausius的最大熵原理,两者各自有其成立的前提条件。由Gibbs能量最低原理可以导出核外电子的填充规则。宏观和微观世界只有一个能量最低原理。 Do not confuse the lowest energy principle with the extraterrestrial electron filling rules, which are just one example of the many applications of the lowest energy principle. System “lower energy more stable ” is wrong to forget the premise that it was established: entropy fixed. Gibbs’s argument is a complete statement of the principle of the lowest energy, which is equivalent to Clausius’s principle of maximum entropy, and each has its own preconditions. The filling rules of extranuclear electrons can be derived from Gibbs energy principle. The macro and micro worlds have only one principle of energy minimum.