传统的形态学分类很难鉴定昆虫的蛹和幼虫。鞘翅目是昆虫纲中最大的类群,其种群鉴定工作复杂而艰巨。为了鉴定形态相似的鞘翅目昆虫的幼虫,本研究利用PCR扩增技术获取青海20个常见鞘翅目幼虫mtDNA上COⅠ基因的566 bp序列,结合Blast搜索、遗传距离计算和NJ系统发育树构建对其进行分类鉴定,有效鉴定出20只供试鞘翅目幼虫属于5科9属。研究结果表明,DNA条形码技术进行种类鉴定快捷、准确,mtDNA COⅠ基因能够用于鞘翅目昆虫分类鉴定。 Traditional morphological classification is difficult to identify insect pupae and larvae. Coleoptera is the largest insect group, its identification of the population complex and arduous. In order to identify the larvae of morphologically similar Coleopterans, a 566 bp COⅠ gene was cloned from mtDNA of 20 common coleopteran larvae in Qinghai by PCR amplification. The Blast search, genetic distance and NJ phylogenetic tree Identification of the classification, the effective identification of 20 test coleoptera larvae belonging to 5 families 9 genera. The results showed that the DNA barcoding technique was rapid and accurate. The mtDNA COⅠ gene could be used to identify and classify Coleoptera insects.