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目的了解舟山地区小儿腹泻患儿轮状病毒的感染情况。方法对2011年1月-2013年12月本院门诊和住院部收治的1 472例腹泻患儿进行轮状病毒检测,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测轮状病毒的感染情况。结果1 472例小儿腹泻病患儿中检出轮状病毒感染606例,占腹泻患儿的41.2%。轮状病毒在2011、2012、2013年的平均感染率分别为39.1%、45.8%、38.3%,以2012年感染率最高(χ2=7.04,P<0.05);全年感染率在性别上差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.01,P>0.05);轮状病毒阳性率在6个月~2岁患儿中最高;轮状病毒腹泻发病时间以每年的10-12月为检出高峰;轮状病毒感染的腹泻患儿与非轮状病毒感染的腹泻患儿临床表现相比较,呕吐、发热、脱水发生率较高,大便中脂肪粒多,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论轮状病毒是引起婴幼儿腹泻的主要病原体,以6个月~2岁年龄组感染率最高,在流行高峰应尽早对腹泻患儿进行轮状病毒检测,采取积极有效的措施预防和治疗。
Objective To understand the infection status of rotavirus in children with infantile diarrhea in Zhoushan. Methods A total of 1 472 children with diarrhea admitted to outpatient department and inpatient department of our hospital from January 2011 to December 2013 were tested for rotavirus, and rotavirus infection was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results A total of 606 cases of rotavirus infection were detected in 1 472 cases of children with diarrhea, accounting for 41.2% of children with diarrhea. The average infection rates of rotavirus in 2011, 2012 and 2013 were 39.1%, 45.8% and 38.3%, respectively, with the highest infection rate in 2012 (χ2 = 7.04, P <0.05). (Χ2 = 0.01, P> 0.05). The positive rate of rotavirus was the highest among children aged 6 months to 2 years. The onset time of rotavirus diarrhea was the highest in 10-12 months of each year. Compared with the clinical manifestations of children with viral diarrhea and non-rotavirus infection, the incidence of vomiting, fever and dehydration was higher in children with viral diarrhea than those in non-rotavirus infected children with diarrhea (P <0.05). Conclusions Rotavirus is the main cause of diarrhea in infants and young children. The infection rate is the highest in 6 months to 2 years old group. Rotavirus should be detected as soon as possible in the epidemic peak, and positive and effective measures should be taken to prevent and treat rotavirus.