碘是人体必需的微量元素。碘缺乏所致的地方性甲状腺肿和地方性克汀病严重危害儿童体格和智力发育。碘缺乏虽称地方病,实际上遍及全球,全世界约有10亿人受缺碘的威胁,我国有3.8亿人口居住在缺碘地区,除上海市外,各省、市、自治区均有不同程度的流行。本文就碘缺乏病的流行病学、病因、发病机理、临床表现、危害及防治进行综述,以期引起儿童保健工作者的重视,为促进儿童健康发育,实现WHO要求在2000年消灭缺碘性疾病的目标而努力。 Iodine is an essential trace element of the human body. Endemic goiter caused by iodine deficiency and endemic cretinism seriously endanger the physical and mental development of children. Although iodine deficiency is endemic, it is virtually all over the world. About 1 billion people in the world are threatened by iodine deficiency. China has 380 million people living in areas with iodine deficiency. Except for Shanghai, provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have varying degrees of popular. This article reviews the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, harms and prevention of iodine deficiency disorders in order to arouse the attention of child health workers. In order to promote the healthy development of children, WHO is required to eliminate iodine deficiency diseases by the year 2000 The goal of hard work.