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澳大利亚科学家的最新研究描述了一种CD4+辅助T细胞亚群,其特征是同时表达白介素-21和内脏寻的趋化因子受体CCR9。CCR9+辅助T细胞虽然在健康的老鼠和人身上也有发现,但在糖尿病老鼠模型发炎的胰腺和唾液腺,以及Sjgren’s综合症患者中特别多。CCR9+辅助T细胞表达大量的白介素-21、可诱导的T细胞共刺激分子以及转录因子Bcl6和Maf,同时也支持B细胞的抗体生产,因此类似Tfh细胞。不过,相比于Tfh细胞,CCR9+辅助T细胞只表达有限的CXCR5,而且CCR9+辅助T细胞的目标是CD8+T细胞,后者对白介素-21的响应是糖尿病发展必须的。因此,CCR9+辅助T细胞是一类生产白介素-21的辅助T细胞,影响针对消化系统附属器官的自身免疫疾病的区域特异性。该类细胞因此可能在糖尿病发病中起关键作用。该发现对研究糖尿病的发病机理提供了新的线索。
A recent study by Australian scientists describes a subset of CD4 + helper T cells characterized by the simultaneous expression of interleukin-21 and the gut-targeted chemokine receptor CCR9. Although found in healthy mice and humans, CCR9 + helper T cells are particularly found in inflamed pancreas and salivary glands in diabetic mouse models, and in patients with Sjgren’s syndrome. CCR9 + helper T cells express large amounts of interleukin-21, inducible T-cell costimulatory molecules and transcription factors Bcl6 and Maf, and also support the production of B-cell antibodies, thus resembling Tfh cells. However, CCR9 + helper T cells express only limited CXCR5 compared to Tfh cells, and the target of CCR9 + helper T cells is CD8 + T cells, which is required for the development of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, CCR9 + helper T cells are a class of helper T cells that produce interleukin-21, affecting the region specificity of autoimmune diseases that are directed at the appendage of the digestive system. Such cells may therefore play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. This finding provides new clues to studying the pathogenesis of diabetes.