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作者对车间空气中有害物质容许浓度制订中安全系数的意义、使用、数值确定及其依据作了综述。一、目的当缺乏适当的人体观察资料时,职业性接触容许浓度只能从动物实验结果外推到人。但对此问题,迄今尚无一个公认的办法。本文作者依据实验条件即染毒期限(≥3个月)、动物品种、无作用水平(NEL)、无害作用水平(NAEL)或最小有害作用水平[MAEL]及人体观察资料,提出了一套安全系数,以便于从动物外推到人。二、人体资料人体资料分为志愿者研究资料和流行病学资料。从对志愿者的研究中可获得关于粘膜(眼、呼吸道)、神经系统和毒物动力学等急性
The author of the workshop air harmful substances allowable concentration in the development of safety factor significance, use, numerical determination and its basis were reviewed. First, the purpose In the absence of appropriate human observation data, the occupational exposure to allow concentration can only be extrapolated from the results of animal experiments to humans. However, there is no recognized solution to this problem so far. Based on the experimental conditions, ie, the duration of the poisoning (≥3 months), animal species, NEL, NAEL or MAEL, and human observation data, a set of Safety factor to facilitate extrapolation from animal to human. Second, human data Human information is divided into volunteer research data and epidemiological data. From studies on volunteers, information is available on the acute effects of mucosa (eye, respiratory tract), nervous system and toxicokinetics