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本文应用贸易要素含量的研究方法,系统分析了1992-2002年中国的制造业贸易。研究发现,中国是低级技能劳动要素的丰裕国家,是资本和高级技能劳动要素的稀缺国家。相较于资本,中国更缺人才。不同产业部门之间,各类劳动要素分布存在巨大差异。10年间,中国所有要素禀赋都有较大改善,技术进步、贸易政策和存量积累三个因素对比较优势的变迁施加了不同的影响。其中,贸易结构日益向着密集出口低级技能劳动要素,同时更加依赖进口高级技能劳动要素和资本要素的方向演变,值得密切关注。
This paper applies the research method of the content of trade elements and systematically analyzes China’s manufacturing trade from 1992 to 2002. The study found that China is an affluent country with low-level skilled labor elements and a scarce nation with capital and advanced skilled labor factors. Compared to capital, China is more scarce. There are huge differences in the distribution of various types of labor among different industries and sectors. In the past 10 years, all the factor endowments in China have been greatly improved. Three factors, technological progress, trade policy and stock accumulation, have exerted different influences on the changes in comparative advantages. Among them, the trade structure is increasingly paying close attention to the intensive export of low-level skilled labor elements and its reliance on the import of advanced skilled labor and capital elements.