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为研究公共场所内引导员的设置对紧急疏散及逃生效率的影响,进行了3种工况的紧急疏散仿真模拟研究。基于分区疏散理念进行疏散区域的划分和引导员位置的设置,运用Building Exodus软件对3种工况下的人员紧急疏散情况进行仿真模拟,3种工况为无引导员、基于最短路径原则而设置引导员、综合考虑出口通行能力和最短路径原则而设置引导员。计算3种工况下的待疏散人员逃生效率及逃生时间,并进行对比分析。结果表明:综合考虑出口通行能力和最短路径原则设置引导员的工况,其出口利用率及逃生效率均最高,逃生效率的最佳工效统计(OPS)为0.087;基于最短路径原则设置引导员的工况位居其次,由于没有合理利用出口,导致所使用的逃生时间和无引导员工况的逃生时间相近,最佳工效统计(OPS)为0.417;无引导员工况的最佳工效统计(OPS)为0.443。仿真模拟研究结果表明,在公共场所紧急疏散时,按综合考虑出口通行能力和最短路径原则设置引导员,可提高人员疏散效率和出口利用率,同时减少人员疏散时间。
In order to study the influence of the setting of the guideman in public places on the evacuation and escape efficiency, three kinds of emergency evacuation simulation research were carried out. Based on the idea of partition evacuation, the evacuation area was divided and the position of the pilot was set up. Building Exodus software was used to simulate the evacuation of emergency evacuation personnel under three conditions. The three conditions were guided without guidance and based on the principle of the shortest path The facilitator shall set up the guideman in consideration of the export capacity and the principle of the shortest path. The efficiency of evacuation and evacuation time under three conditions were calculated and compared. The results show that the export utilization rate and the escape efficiency are the highest when the guideman’s working condition is set considering the export capacity and the shortest path principle. The best Efficacy Statistics (OPS) of the escape efficiency is 0.087. The guideline based on the shortest path principle In the second place, the optimal Efficacy Statistics (OPS) was 0.417 due to the lack of rational use of exports, resulting in a similar escape time to that of non-guided staff. The best ergonomic statistics OPS) is 0.443. The simulation results show that when emergency evacuation is carried out in public places, the guide staff can be set according to the principle of export capacity and the shortest path, which can improve the evacuation efficiency and export utilization rate and reduce the evacuation time.