Background Cardiac fibrosis,characterized by excessive extracellular matrix(ECM)deposi-tion and increased cardiac fibroblasts(CFs)activity,is a common pathology of various cardiovascu-lar diseases.Cardiac fibrosis decreases ventricular compliance,increases diastolic filling pressure,decreases cardiac oxygen supply,and ultimately impairs the cardiac output.CFs are the main effect-er cell type in regulating ECM and predominantly drive the fibrosis process.Despite the critical im-portance of CFs,our limited understanding of CFs impedes the development of potential therapies that effectively target this cell type and its pathological contribution to disease progression.Recent-ly,long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are emerging as important pathological and physiological regulators of cardiac fibrosis,shedding light on novel molecular mechanisms and potential thera-peutic targets.This review discussed the current knowledge regarding the lncRNAs involved in car-diac fibrosis and summarized their possible molecular mechanisms with special focus on the regula-tion of CFs.