目的:分析参与病残儿鉴定的家庭患儿疾病及致病危险因素,达到优生优育、提高人口素质的目的。方法:通过调查问卷的方式了解广州市白云区2005～2010年病残家庭患儿疾病分布情况及患儿出生前后家庭状况,分析可能的致病危险因素。结果:鉴定患儿以先天性疾病为主,职业、社会经济地位、受教育程度及有无计划怀孕等皆可能为危险因素。结论:应加强在全社会进行孕前优生宣教及产前筛查,达到降低出生缺陷率、提高人口素质的目的。 OBJECTIVE: To analyze the disease and risk factors of family children involved in the identification of disabled children, to achieve prenatal and postnatal care and improve the quality of the population. Methods: To understand the distribution of disease in the disabled families in Baiyun District of Guangzhou City from 2005 to 2010 and the family status before and after birth, and to analyze the possible risk factors. Results: The identification of children with congenital diseases, occupational, socioeconomic status, education and whether planned pregnancy may be risk factors. Conclusion: The prenatal prenatal missionary prenatal screening and antenatal screening should be strengthened in the whole society so as to reduce the birth defect rate and improve the population quality.