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目的探讨佛山市顺德区均安镇制衣行业职业性接触性皮炎的患病率、发病特点和影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,通过发放问卷调查和临床诊断的方式,对2014年8月-2016年4月在均安镇制衣行业的工作人员进行职业接触性皮炎的流行病学调查。结果制衣行业职业性接触性皮炎患病率为25.76%。皮炎的发生与患者所在部门所从事的工种、季节、与工人经常暴露的部位、他们对职业卫生知识知晓率、工作中是否采取了防护措施以及下班后是否有立即淋浴有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论布料上所含有的化学品是制衣行业接触性皮炎的主要致病因素。经常开展岗前职业健康教育宣传、培训,加强工作场所的通风排毒,对生产一线的高危人群加强个体防护,是制业行业职业性接触性皮炎发生的有效预防措施。
Objective To investigate the prevalence, incidence characteristics and influential factors of occupational contact dermatitis in Jun’an Town, Shunde District, Foshan City. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to conduct an epidemiological investigation of occupational contact dermatitis in the garment industry in Junan from August 2014 to April 2016 by means of questionnaires and clinical diagnosis. Results The prevalence of occupational contact dermatitis in garment industry was 25.76%. The incidence of dermatitis was related to the types of jobs, seasons and areas frequently exposed by the workers, their awareness of occupational health knowledge, whether protective measures were taken during work, whether there was an immediate shower after get off work, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion The chemicals contained in the cloth are the main causative agents of contact dermatitis in the garment industry. It is an effective preventive measure for occupational contact dermatitis in the industrial sector to regularly carry out pre-service occupational health education publicity and training, strengthen ventilation and detoxification in the workplace, and strengthen individual protection for high-risk people in the production line.