新疆维吾尔自治区地处我国西北边陲,历史上被称为“西域”,占国土面积六分之一。维吾尔族是新疆的主体民族。“维吾尔”是联合、团结的意思,由9世纪(唐中后期)西迁的回鹘人融合其他民族形成和发展起来的一个新的民族共同体——维吾尔族。维吾尔族文字系以阿拉伯字母为基础的拼写文字,有36个字母,从右向左书写。 维吾尔族主要居住的塔里木盆地、哈密、吐鲁番等地,是我国地貌特征最独特的地方。这里有我国最大的沙漠—一塔克拉玛干沙漠,最大的内陆淡水湖——博斯腾湖和“飞鸟千里不敢来”的火焰山以及罗布泊地区特有的雅丹地貌,而低于海平面154米的艾丁湖(中国陆地最低点)与海拔5445米的博格达峰(天山山脉第二高峰)相接,更是堪称奇观。这里也是最著名的“瓜果之乡”,香梨、哈密瓜、葡萄、西 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located in the northwestern border of China, historically known as the “Western Regions”, accounting for one sixth of the land area. Uygur is the main ethnic group in Xinjiang. “Uyghur” is a united and uniting meaning. Uighur, a new ethnic community formed and developed by the Hui people who moved west in the 9th century (late Tang Dynasty) to other ethnic groups. Uyghur language is based on the Arabic alphabet spelling, 36 letters, written from right to left. The main living Uygur Tarim basin, Hami, Turpan and other places, is the most unique geographical features of our place. Here are the largest desert in China - a Taklamakan desert, the largest inland freshwater lake - Bosten Lake and the “flying birds do not come here,” the Flaming Mountain and Lop Nur region-specific Ya-Landform, and below 154 meters above sea level, Aiding Lake (The tallest point in China’s land) and the Bogda Peak (the second peak of the Tianshan Mountains) at 5445 meters above sea level are even more spectacular. Here is also the most famous “hometown of fruits and vegetables”, pear, cantaloupe, grapes, west