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[目的]了解商务企业与卫生事业单位员工工作场所欺凌的现况,并比较二者差异。[方法]选择上海某区2座商务楼企业员工847人及社区卫生服务中心员工146人进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括基本信息、工作特征及工作场所欺凌情况等。工作场所欺凌采用自我标签法和行为测量法测量:前一方法在给出定义的基础上,测量受试者近6个月遭受工作场所欺凌的主观认知;后一方法运用负性行为问卷-修订版问卷(NAQ-R)测量受试者近6个月内遭受负性行为的频率。[结果]两类人群分别回收有效问卷397份(46.87%)、89份(60.96%)。NAQ-R在本调查中的Cronbach’α系数分别为0.978、0.965;NAQ-R总分与自我标签法得分的相关系数为0.494(P<0.001)。自我标签法测得两类人群工作场所欺凌率分别为23.0%、14.6%;NAQ-R测得工作场所欺凌率分别为13.1%、5.6%。商务企业单位工作场所欺凌率高于卫生事业单位(P<0.001)。[结论]商务企业员工的工作场所欺凌问题较卫生事业单位严重。
[Objective] To understand the current situation of workplace bullying in business enterprises and public health institutions and to compare the differences between the two. [Methods] A total of 847 employees in two commercial buildings in a district of Shanghai and 146 employees in community health service centers were surveyed. The questionnaire includes basic information, job characteristics and workplace bullying. Workplace bullying measures are measured using self-labeling and behavioral measures: the former measures subjective perceptions of subjects being bullied from the workplace for nearly 6 months on the basis of definitions; the latter uses the questionnaire on negative behaviors - The revised questionnaire (NAQ-R) measures the frequency of negative behavior experienced by subjects over the past 6 months. [Results] 397 (46.87%) and 89 (60.96%) valid questionnaires were retrieved respectively for the two groups. The Cronbach’α coefficients of NAQ-R in this survey were 0.978 and 0.965, respectively. The correlation coefficient between NAQ-R total score and self-labeling score was 0.494 (P <0.001). The self-labeling method measured 23.0% and 14.6% of the workplace bullying rates in the two groups, respectively. The rate of bullying in the workplace measured by NAQ-R was 13.1% and 5.6% respectively. The rate of bullying in business establishments was higher than that of health institutions (P <0.001). [Conclusion] The problem of workplace bullying in business enterprises is more serious than that of health institutions.