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[目的]了解广州市公共场所集中空调通风系统微生物污染状况,探索对公共场所集中空调有效的卫生监管对策。[方法]按照卫生部《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》(2006)的要求,2008～2011年,对广州市市区32家公共场所集中空调进行微生物指标检测。[结果]合计抽取32家公共场所,9家微生物检测指标全部合格,占28.13%。其中,4家办公楼均不合格,10家宾馆/酒店2家合格,5家餐厅1家合格,4家交通工具均合格,5家商场/展馆1家合格,4家医院1家合格。空调通风系统送风的细菌总数合格率为34.48%,真菌总数合格率为90.63%,β-溶血性链球菌未检出;风管内表面的细菌总数合格率为90.63%,真菌总数合格率为100.00%,β-溶血性链球菌未检出;冷却水嗜肺军团菌合格率为87.88%,4份阳性的均为酒店(宾馆)的冷却水。[结论]广州市公共场所集中空调通风系统存在微生物污染,办公楼、医院、酒店(宾馆)、商场是加强集中空调卫生管理的重点场所。
[Objective] To understand the status of microbial contamination of central air conditioning and ventilation system in public places in Guangzhou and to explore effective sanitary supervision measures for central air conditioning in public places. [Method] According to the requirements of Ministry of Health “Hygienic Standard for Central Air Conditioning Ventilation System in Public Places” (2006), from 2008 to 2011, the microbiological indexes of central air conditioners in 32 public places in Guangzhou were detected. [Result] Totally 32 public places were taken and all 9 microorganism detection indexes were qualified, accounting for 28.13%. Among them, 4 were ineligible for office buildings, 2 were qualified for 10 hotels / hotels, 1 was qualified for 5 restaurants, 4 were for transportation, 1 was qualified for 5 shopping malls / pavilions and 1 was qualified for 4 hospitals. Air-conditioning ventilation system, the total number of air supply bacteria pass rate of 34.48%, the total number of fungi pass rate was 90.63%, β-hemolytic streptococcus was not detected; duct bacteria on the surface of the total passing rate of 90.63%, the total number of fungi pass rate of 100.00 %, β-hemolytic streptococcus was not detected; cooling Legionella pneumophila qualified rate of 87.88%, 4 were positive for the hotel (hotel) cooling water. [Conclusion] There was microbial contamination in central air conditioning and ventilation system in public places in Guangzhou. Office buildings, hospitals, hotels (hotels) and shopping malls were the key places to strengthen the hygiene management of centralized air conditioners.