生死问题是人生的两大难题,中国古代思想家也一直认真反思这两个问题。在儒家看来,死生有命,重要的是人生的伦理态度。道家的生死观则具有浓厚的自然主义色彩。庄子之后,道教背离了老庄的自然主义生死观,追求长生不老,但最终被证明是失败的。佛教把涅槃作为其宗教解脱的最终目的。 Life and death problems are two major problems in life, and ancient Chinese thinkers have always carefully reconsidered these two issues. In the view of Confucianism, life is fatal and, importantly, the ethical attitude of life. Taoist life and death view has a strong naturalistic color. After Zhuangzi, Taoism deviated from Lao-Zhuang’s concept of naturalistic life and death and pursued immortality, but ultimately proved unsuccessful. Buddhism takes Nirvana as the ultimate goal of its religion.