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目的:分析不同年龄阶段高度近视患者的性别、年龄、病程、视力、屈光度、眼底等情况并探讨它们与高度近视发生的风险,视力与屈光状态及眼底情况的关系,为防止高度近视的发生、发展提供一定依据。方法:根据年龄将高度近视患者分为4组:组1,年龄≤29岁的患者;组2,年龄为30 ～49岁;组3,年龄为50 ～69岁;组4,年龄为≥70岁。非睫状肌麻痹状态下自动验光仪验光,取等效球镜进行屈光度计算。用直接眼底镜行眼底检查,结果行相关统计学分析。结果:各组男女患者比例有显著性差异,女性显著多于男性(P<0.01),高度近视患者的年龄和病程有相关性,年龄越大的患者其病程越长。随着年龄增加,高度近视患者的视力显著的下降,且眼底出现漆裂纹、黄斑出血、Fuchs斑、脉络膜萎缩灶的比率呈增加趋势。结论:女性可能是高度近视发生的风险因素之一,年龄增加是导致高度近视患者视力下降的一个重要因素,对高度近视患者宜进行早期治疗,以防治近视的发展及黄斑病变的发生。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the gender, age, course of disease, visual acuity, refraction and fundus of patients with high myopia in different age groups and to explore their relationship with the risk of high myopia, visual acuity and refractive status and fundus situation, in order to prevent the occurrence of high myopia , Provide some basis for development. Methods: Patients with high myopia were divided into 4 groups according to their age: group 1, patients aged ≤29 years; group 2, aged 30-49 years; group 3, aged 50-69 years; group 4, year old. Non-ciliary muscle paralysis state automatic refraction optometry, spherical equivalent refraction calculation. Fundus with direct fundus examination, the results of line-related statistical analysis. Results: The proportions of male and female patients in each group were significantly different. There were significantly more women than men (P <0.01). The age and duration of the patients with high myopia were correlated. The older the patients, the longer their duration. With increasing age, visual acuity decreased significantly in patients with high myopia, and the occurrence of lacrimal creases, macular hemorrhage, Fuchs plaque, choroidal atrophy increased. Conclusion: Women may be one of the risk factors of high myopia. Increasing age is an important factor leading to the decline of vision in highly myopic patients. Early treatment should be conducted in patients with high myopia to prevent the development of myopia and macular degeneration.