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汉语存在构式与动词的语义关联、互动是该构式研究的难点。本文在国家语委现代汉语在线语料库中对存在构式的用法进行数据检索和统计,计算出该构式与各动词之间的关联度。在此基础上,本文将动词的语义类型及其与存在构式的关联度进行综合分析,概括出该构式的中心语义,并指出动词与构式的语义一致程度即动词事件语义中外力、处所与客体角色的认知显著度是造成各类动词与构式关联度差异的主要原因。
The semantic association and interaction between the Chinese existing constructions and the verbs are the difficulties in the study of the constructions. In this paper, we search and statistics the existing usage of the existing constructions in the online database of the modern Chinese in the National Language Committee, and calculate the correlation between the constructs and each verb. On this basis, this paper synthetically analyzes the semantic types of the verbs and the correlativity between them and the existing constructions, summarizes the central semantics of the constructions, and points out that the semantic consistency between the verbs and the constructions is the external force in the semantic of the verbs, The significant degree of cognition of the place and the object’s role is the main reason that causes the difference of the relevance between various types of verbs and constructions.