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目的 有效地控制和预防医院感染败血症的发生,减少其死亡率。方法 采用回顾性调查分析了1995～2000年6年间34例医院感染败血症的病历。结果 医院感染败血症发生率为0.07％,占医院感染的2.3％,在医院感染死亡率中为首位,发病率有逐年增加的趋势,与年龄、性别、基础疾病、介入性操作、感染部位有明显的关系,主要的优势菌群有铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、沙雷菌、白色念珠菌,其中MRSA引起的死亡率高。结论 预防医院感染败血症要加强对免疫功能低下患者的微生物学的监测、严格执行各种治疗技术的无菌操作、加强对原发感染灶的治疗、加强静脉导管操作各环节的控制、严格洗手和合理使用抗生素、增加患者的免疫力是预防医院感染败血症的主要手段。
Objective To effectively control and prevent the occurrence of nosocomial sepsis and reduce its mortality. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to analyze the medical records of 34 cases of nosocomial sepsis in the 6 years from 1995 to 2000. Results The incidence of nosocomial sepsis was 0.07%, accounting for 2.3% of nosocomial infections. It was the highest rate of nosocomial infection, and the incidence rate increased year by year. The age, sex, basic diseases, interventional procedures, and infection sites were obvious. For the relationship, the main dominant bacteria are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, and Candida albicans, among which the mortality caused by MRSA is high. Conclusion Prevention of nosocomial sepsis should strengthen the microbiological monitoring of patients with low immune function, strictly perform the aseptic operation of various treatment technologies, strengthen the treatment of primary foci, strengthen the control of the various aspects of intravenous catheter operation, and strictly wash hands. The rational use of antibiotics and increasing the patient’s immunity are the main means of preventing septicemia in nosocomial infections.