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Objective: To detect the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in human renal carcinoma tissues and cultured ACHN cells by using quantum dots-tagged fluorescence technology and its significance. Methods: Using the fluo rescence property of quantum dots, indirect immunofluorescence method and immunocytochemical method were used to detect the expression of HSP70 tagged by quantum dots in renal carcinoma tissues and ACHN cells cultured in vitro. Results:Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that HSP70 were significantly expressed in renal carcinoma tissues and ACHN cells cultured in vitro characterized by homogeneous distribution of intensive salmon pink fluorescence. Compared with FITC tagging, quantum dots tagged fluorescence had good specificity and signal to background. There was no notable quenching after excitation by quantum dots for 30 min. Conclusion: Quantum dots can be used to label subcellular proteins and have obvious advantages compared with the traditional fluorescence methods. The quantum dots-tagged fluorescence could be applied as a new method for clinical labeling detection.