子宫平滑肌瘤(Uterine leiomyoma)是一种女性生殖系统最常见的良性肿瘤,多见于30～50岁的妇女。在育龄期妇女中的发病率达到33.13%。早期的研究结果表明,该疾病是一类激素依赖性疾病,雌、孕激素在肌瘤的发生、发展起着重要的作用,最新的研究结果表明子宫肌瘤的发生是癌基因的活化及肿瘤抑制因子的失活导致细胞凋亡和增殖失衡所致。但是到目前为止对于肌瘤的发病机制仍然不清,随着对本病研究的不断深入,对其认识也不断完善,结合有关文献就其病因作一综述。 Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of the female reproductive system, more common in women aged 30 to 50 years. The incidence of women of childbearing age reached 33.13%. Early studies have shown that the disease is a hormone-dependent disease, estrogen and progesterone in the occurrence and development of fibroids play an important role, the latest results show that the occurrence of uterine fibroids oncogene activation and cancer Inhibitors of inactivation lead to imbalance between apoptosis and proliferation. But so far the pathogenesis of fibroids is still unclear, with the deepening of the study of this disease, its understanding is also constantly improved, combined with the literature on its etiology to be reviewed.