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目的对比分析宁夏地区2005和2014年回、汉族7~18岁中小学生肥胖超重状况,为预防儿童肥胖与超重提供科学依据。方法使用2005和2014年宁夏中小学生体质与健康调研数据,利用中国肥胖工作组制定的BMI标准选择肥胖与超重儿童,分析宁夏回汉族不同人口学特征儿童青少年超重肥胖率。结果 2005年宁夏7~18岁学生超重、肥胖率分别为5.9%和2.2%,2014年为10.5%和5.1%,均出现增加趋势。2005年回族学生超重、肥胖率为4.6%和1.5%,汉族学生为4.8%和2.8%;2014年回族学生为10.4%和4.7%,汉族学生为10.5%和5.4%;9年间回族学生超重率增加了5.9百分点,肥胖率增加了3.2百分点,汉族学生分别增加了5.7和2.7百分点。2014年男生超重与肥胖检出率分别为12.6%,6.9%,大于2005年的6.5%,2.9%;2014年女生则为8.3%,3.3%,同样高于2005年的5.3%,1.5%,2个年份无论是超重率还是肥胖率都为男生大于女生。2005年城市学生超重、肥胖率为8.2%,3.4%,乡村学生为4.3%,2.2%;2014年城市学生超重、肥胖率为12.4%,6.5%,乡村学生为8.5%,4.7%;9年间乡村学生肥胖率增加了2.5百分点,高于城市学生的2.2百分点。男女城乡组间超重肥胖率2005年为城男>城女>乡女>乡男,2014年为城男>乡男>城女>乡女。结论宁夏地区7~18岁中小学生肥胖超重率出现增加的趋势,尤其是回族和乡村学生,需及时采取干预控制措施。
Objective To compare and analyze the overweight and obesity status of primary and secondary school students between the ages of 7 ~ 18 in Han and Hui nationality in Ningxia in 2005 and 2014, and provide a scientific basis for prevention of childhood obesity and overweight. Methods According to the survey data of physical and health of primary and middle school students in Ningxia in 2005 and 2014, the obese and overweight children were selected based on the BMI standard set by China Obese Working Group, and the overweight and obesity rates of children and adolescents with different demographic characteristics in Ningxia Hui nationality were analyzed. Results In Ningxia, the overweight and obesity rates of students aged 7-18 years were 5.9% and 2.2% respectively in 2005 and 10.5% and 5.1% in 2014, all showing an increasing trend. In 2005, Hui students were overweight with obesity rates of 4.6% and 1.5%, 4.8% and 2.8% of Han students, 10.4% and 4.7% of Hui students in 2014 and 10.5% and 5.4% of Han students respectively. Overweight rate of Hui students in 9 years An increase of 5.9 percentage points, an increase of 3.2 percentage points in obesity rate, and an increase of 5.7 and 2.7 percentage points in Han students respectively. In 2014, the detection rates of overweight and obesity among boys were 12.6% and 6.9% respectively, up from 6.5% and 2.9% respectively in 2005 and 8.3% and 3.3% respectively in 2014, up from 5.3% and 1.5% in 2005, 2 years both overweight or obesity rates are boys than girls. In 2005, urban students were overweight with obesity rates of 8.2% and 3.4%, and rural students at 4.3% and 2.2% respectively. In 2014, urban students were overweight and obese at a rate of 12.4% and 6.5% respectively. Rural students were 8.5% and 4.7% The obesity rate among rural students increased by 2.5 percentage points, 2.2 percentage points higher than that of urban students. Male and female urban and rural groups overweight and obesity rate in 2005 for the city of men and women> city and country> rural men, in 2014 for the male> rural male> urban and rural women> rural women. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students aged 7 to 18 years in Ningxia tends to increase. Especially for Hui and rural students, timely intervention measures should be taken.