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本文初步研究了贵州食用菌（ｅｄｉｂｌｅｆｕｎｇｉ）种类、生态分布（ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｄｉｓ－ｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ）规律和种群多样的原因。贵州位于中国西南云贵高原的东部，境内地形复杂多变，海拔１０００ｍ左右，年平均温度１５℃，年降雨量１４００ｍｍ，平均空气相对湿度８０％以上，冬无严寒，夏无酷暑，气候温和湿润，属亚热带气候；植被多样，生长着各种不同种类的植物。由于综合自然因子的作用，贵州几乎终年都有不同种类的真菌生长，资源十分丰富。根据作者１９７９～１９９１年间采集的标本，鉴定出食用菌２４１种，隶属２亚门４纲１０目３０科７４属，其中，３个新种已被作者描述，它们是：白柄鸡菌（ＴｅｒｍｉｔｏｍｙｃｅｓａｌｂｉｃｅｐｓＨｅ），柱状鸡从菌（Ｔ．ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃｕｓＨｅ），冬小包脚菇（ＶｏｌｖａｒｉｃｌｌａｂｒｕｍａｌｉｓＨｅ）。紫色鸡油菌（ＣａｎｔｈａｒｅｌｌｕｓｐｕｒｐｏｒａｃｅｕｓＩｗｏｄｅ），灰口磨（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｌｏｍａｐｏｒｔｅｎｔｏｓｕｍ（Ｆｒ．）Ｑｕｅｌ．），硫色口蘑（Ｔ．ｓｕｌｐｈｕｒｅｕｍ（Ｂｕｌｌ．：Ｆｒ．）Ｋｕｍｍ。），盾形鸡菌（ＴｅｒｍｉｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｃｌｙｐｅａｔｕｓＨｅｉｍ），球根鸡菌（Ｔｇ
In this paper, the edible fungi (Edible Fungi) species, ecological distribution (ecologicaldis-tribution) rule and the reason of population diversity in Guizhou were preliminary studied. Guizhou is located in the eastern part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in southwestern China. Its terrain is complicated and changeable. Its elevation is about 1000m, its annual average temperature is 15 ℃, its annual rainfall is 1400mm and its average relative humidity is above 80%. Without cold in winter, Is a subtropical climate; diverse vegetation, growing a variety of different types of plants. Due to the combination of natural factors, Guizhou has very different types of fungal growth all year round, with abundant resources. According to the specimens collected by the author from 1979 to 1991, 241 species of edible fungi were identified, belonging to 74 genera, 30 orders, 2 orders, 4 orders, 2 orders, and 3 orders. Among them, 3 new species have been described by the authors: Termitomyces albiceps Hee ), T. cylindricus Hee and Volvariclla brumalis Hee. Cantharellus purporaceus Iwode, Tricholoma pertentosum (Fr.) Quel., T.sulphureum (Bull: Fr.) Kumm., Termitomyces clypeatus Heim, (Tg