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笔者选取了北京郊区5个农业沼气工程,从原料特性、产气潜能、厌氧污泥活性以及发酵池p H值稳定性等几个方面探讨农业沼气工程的发酵效率评估。通过测试原料的元素组成,开展产甲烷潜能和产甲烷活性实验,建立了不同原料的发酵化学计量学方程,获得了不同原料的产气率、产气速率和发酵池污泥的乙酸比产甲烷活性(SMA2000)。分析结果表明:养殖废物的进料浓度较理想,适合高浓度厌氧发酵工艺。鸡粪原料的产气率较高(200 m LCH4·g-1COD),但C/N比较低9.6∶1,发酵池的氨氮浓度6.0 g·L-1,有明显的产气迟滞期。秸秆高温发酵的产气率达到162 m LCH4·g-1COD,产气速率高于牛粪和猪粪中温发酵,发酵池污泥的p H值为7.1。猪粪与牛粪沼气工程的发酵效率低于鸡粪和秸秆沼气,但具有良好的稳定性。在农业废物沼气工程中,须根据物料特性合理的选择工艺条件。
The author selected five agricultural biogas projects in the suburbs of Beijing to evaluate the fermentation efficiency of agricultural biogas from aspects of raw material characteristics, gas production potential, anaerobic sludge activity and pH stability of fermentation tanks. By testing the elemental composition of raw materials, experiments on methanogenic potential and methanogenic activity were carried out, and the fermentation stoichiometry equations of different raw materials were established. The gas production rates and gas production rates of different raw materials were obtained, Activity (SMA2000). The results showed that the feed concentration of the culture waste was ideal and suitable for the high concentration anaerobic fermentation process. The raw material of chicken manure has higher gas production rate (200 m LCH4 · g-1COD), but the C / N ratio is 9.6: 1, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the fermentation tank is 6.0 g · L-1. The gas production rate of straw fermentation reached 162 m LCH4 · g-1COD, the gas production rate was higher than that of cow manure and pig manure, and the pH value of fermentation sludge was 7.1. Fermentation efficiency of pig manure and cattle manure biogas project is lower than chicken manure and straw biogas, but has good stability. In the agricultural waste biogas project, it is necessary to select the process conditions reasonably according to the material characteristics.