论文部分内容阅读
主要阐述与等深流沉积以及其他底流沉积相关的基本原理。深海底流分为温盐引起的自转型等深流、风力驱动底流、潮汐驱动底流(大多在海底峡谷)、内波/内潮汐驱动的斜压流4种基本类型,均常见牵引构造。等深流沉积是温盐引起的自转型等深流沉积体,粒级可为泥级或细砂级,含硅质或钙质碎屑。在古代等深流与其他等深流的区分方面,目前尚无沉积学或地震学诊断标准。在岩心和露头上,双黏土层是识别深海潮汐沉积的可靠指标。加的斯湾虽然是泥质等深流沉积相模式的代表,但并无真正的等深流沉积,仅受与地中海流出水(MOW)有关的短暂等深流影响以及内波和内潮汐、浊流、海啸、飓风、泥火山、煤成气渗漏、沉积物供给、孔隙水排出和海底地形等其他复杂因素的影响。在加的斯湾综合大洋钻探(IODP)339项目岩心中没有发现能用于解释沉积过程的原生沉积构造,因此等深流沉积相模式应予废弃。4类底流改造砂体均具备成为油气储集层的潜力。在佛罗里达海峡大巴哈马浅滩(Great Bahama Bank)附近的等深流沉积,因为其中的泥质成分被强烈的等深流从粒间原生孔隙中簸选出来,最大测量孔隙度为40%,最大渗透率达9 880×10-3μm2。现代等深流的实证数据也显示其具有发育盖层和烃源岩的潜力。因此,未来石油勘探与开发应重点关注这些经常被忽视的深海硅质和钙质碎屑等深流沉积储集层。
Mainly related to the other deep sedimentation and sediment deposition and other underlying principles. Deep sea bottom flow can be divided into four basic types such as self-rotation type isothermal flow induced by temperature and salt, wind driven underflow, tidal drive underflow (mostly in submarine canyon) and internal wave / internal tidal drive. Both are common traction structures. Isochron and other deep-flow sedimentation is temperature-induced self-rotation type isochronal deposits, grain size can be mud or fine sand grade, containing siliceous or calcareous debris. There is no diagnostic criteria for sedimentology or seismology in terms of the distinction between deep and other isobaths in ancient times. On core and outcrops, the double clay layer is a reliable indicator of deep-sea tide deposition. Although the Gulf of Cadiz is a representative of the deep sedimentary facies pattern such as shale, there is no real contour flow, only by the short-duration deep currents such as the MOW and the internal waves and internal tides, Turbidity, tsunamis, hurricanes, mud volcanoes, coal-to-gas leaks, sediment supply, pore water discharge, and seafloor topography. No primary sedimentary structures that could be used to account for the depositional process were found in the core of the 3382 Project for the Integrated Ocean Drilling (IODP) at the Bay of Cadiz. Therefore, the isobath pattern of sedimentary facies should be abandoned. Four types of underflow sand bodies have the potential to become oil and gas reservoirs. The isobath is deposited near the Great Bahama Bank in the Florida Straits because the muddy components are jolted from the intergranular primary pores by a strong isobaric flow and the maximum measured porosity is 40% Rate of 9 880 × 10-3μm2. Empirical data from modern isobaths have also shown their potential for developmental cap rock and source rocks. Therefore, in the future, oil exploration and development should focus on these often overlooked deep-sea sedimentary reservoirs, such as deep sea siliceous and calcareous debris.