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目的分析农村地区预防保健服务利用情况及其不平等因素。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,于2012年8月对山东省济南市3个县区6 525名农村居民进行入户问卷调查,采用集中指数及其分解法探讨农村地区预防保健服务利用情况及不平等因素。结果 6 525名农村居民4周预防保健服务利用率为6.93%,集中指数为0.062;主要利用的服务是一般健康检查(46.34%)、高血压筛查(23.50%)、查血(12.64%)和妇科检查(9.98%);性别、年龄、职业、慢性病患病以及收入是农村居民预防保健服务利用的影响因素(均P<0.05);收入、年龄、自评健康状况和慢性病患病对不平等的贡献较大,分别为158%、-73%、-9%和-7%。结论收入差距是导致农村地区预防保健服务利用不平等的主要因素,年龄和健康水平对不平等起到降低作用。
Objective To analyze the utilization of preventive health care in rural areas and its inequality. Methods By stratified random sampling method, 6255 rural residents in 3 counties and districts in Jinan City of Shandong Province were surveyed by household questionnaire in August 2012, and the concentration index and its decomposition method were used to explore the utilization of preventive health care services in rural areas. Equality. Results The utilization rate of preventive health care services for 6 525 rural residents was 6.93% and the concentration index was 0.062. The main services were general health examination (46.34%), hypertension screening (23.50%), blood screening (12.64%), And gynecological examination (9.98%). The factors of gender, age, occupation, chronic illness and income are the influencing factors for the use of preventive health services in rural residents (all P <0.05). The income, age, self-rated health status and the prevalence of chronic diseases are not significant Equal contributions are larger, at 158%, -73%, -9% and -7% respectively. Conclusions The income gap is the main factor leading to inequalities in the use of preventive health services in rural areas. The effects of age and health level on inequality are diminished.