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蔡仲认为,20世纪的科学哲学坚持表象主义的科学观,纠缠于知识和世界或表象之间的关系,陷入某种“认识论”的恐惧。20世纪90年代之后兴起的科学实践哲学转向科学实践的实际过程,转向实验室及其赖以生存的社会与文化语境,带来了新的科学图景乃至划界标准,为我们重新理解马克思理论的科学性提出了新的任务。邢冬梅认为,作为实践和文化的科学强调科学的实际操作过程,而不是科学的表征性语言。对科学操作过程的把握,就是对科学实践过程中人类的力量和各种非人类的力量的相互作用和实际行为的描述,亦即对科学活动在具体的现时秩序中的情境的描述。知识应该被理解为对世界正在进行的参与的一个方面,而不是一个在原则上可以完成的任务。戴建平认为,劳斯的科学实践概念强调了科学理论、行动者和世界之间持续不断的相互作用以及对世界的构造,突出了科学实践的物质性和开放性。在此基础上,他提出了“科学的文化研究”方案,试图综合近20年来科学论领域内所有研究科学实践的不同进路。劳斯所强调的科学哲学的批判性具有重要的意义。
Cai Zhong believes that the philosophy of science of the 20th century adheres to the scientific concept of representationalism, entangles itself in the relationship between knowledge and the world or representation, and plunges into some kind of “epistemological” fear. The scientific practice philosophy that emerged after the 1990s turned to the practical process of scientific practice and turned to the laboratory and the social and cultural context in which it lives. It has brought new scientific and even demarcation criteria, and has given us a new understanding of Marx’s theory The scientific nature of the proposed new tasks. Xing Dongmei believes that science as practice and culture emphasizes the actual operation of science, not the scientific symbolic language. Grasping the course of scientific operation is a description of the interaction and actual behavior of human power and various non-human forces in the process of scientific practice, that is, the description of the context of scientific activity in the concrete present order. Knowledge should be understood as one aspect of the ongoing engagement in the world, not as a task that can be accomplished in principle. Dai Jianping believes that Lausse’s concept of scientific practice emphasizes the continuous interaction of scientific theories, actors and the world and the construction of the world, highlighting the materiality and openness of scientific practice. On this basis, he proposed a “scientific and cultural research” program, attempting to synthesize the different approaches of all the scientific researches in the field of science in the past 20 years. The critical nature of science philosophy emphasized by Rouse is of great significance.